虎纹蛙（RANA RUGULOSA）视网膜结构与环境适应性的研究

在光镜和电镜下观察了虎纹蛙（Rana rugulosa)视多膜的组织结构，着重探讨了色素细胞和视细胞的形态结构。视网膜中三个核层及两个网状层分布均匀，无中央凹。色素细胞内含有大量的脂滴、色素颗粒、髓样体和形状各异的溶酶体等。视细胞由视杆细胞和视锥细胞组成，视杆细胞占多数。在视网膜中央区，视杆细胞数与视锥细胞数之比为1：1；在周缘区，两者数量之比为3：1，视杆细胞外段呈高柱状，体积远远大于视锥细胞外段，肌样体内有大量的微管。视锥细胞外段呈矮锥形，椭圆体内有一球状小体。视细胞与节细胞数量之比为3．68：1。结果表明，虎纹蛙视网膜结构特征与其生活于田间、山涧等弱光环境和捕食习性是相适应的。图版1（图1－图10）表2参14     

光合细菌利用沼液废水制氢的影响因素

沼液资源化利用将是未来热点问题,首次尝试研究利用光合细菌处理沼液废水的产氢工艺条件,探讨反应预处理时间、光照度、温度、沼液的pH值和接种量因素对光合细菌产氢过程的影响。结果表明,在光照厌氧的条件下,光合细菌产氢的最佳工艺条件为:温度35℃,光照度1 000 lux,pH值9,接种量50%,反应预处理时间24 h,最大产氢量达到500mL/(200 mL沼液),对进一步研究开发光合细菌处理沼液废水和产氢有重要的参考价值。     

Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.     

球形红细菌好氧降解氯代苯研究

采用光合细菌球形红细菌在好氧条件下对氯代苯进行生物降解.结果表明,氯代苯不能作为球形红细菌生长的惟一碳源和能源,球形红细菌好氧降解氯代苯是在适宜碳源存在下以共代谢的方式进行;根据分析细胞提取液中双加氧酶活性和代谢中间产物,推断出其降解机制为邻位裂解途径,按先开环再脱氯过程进行,邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶的活性可以通过氯代...     

利用光微生物燃料电池实现养猪废水资源化利用研究

采用光合细菌和微藻分别作为阳极和阴极接种物构建了双室光微生物燃料电池,考察了氮、磷浓度及阳极处理后的养猪废水对阴极微藻生长的影响,探讨了构建的光微生物燃料电池产电性能及去除养猪废水中COD、氨氮和总磷的效果.结果表明,阴极微藻不仅能利用无机硝态氮和氨氮,而且更喜好有机氮尿素;此外,阴极微藻可适应较高浓度的氮(250 mg·L-1)和磷(64.8 mg·L-1).构建的光微生物燃料电池以养猪废水为基质,外载为1000Ω时,稳定输出电压为161 m V;养猪废水的COD、氨氮及总磷去除率分别为91.8%、90.2%和81.7%.养猪废水经阳极光合细菌处理后培养微藻16 d,藻细胞光密度(OD680)可达3.40,略低于对照BG11培养基.因此,构建的光微生物燃料电池在处理养猪废水产电的同时,可收获微藻实现养猪废水资源化.     

东海赤潮高发区半分析算法色素浓度反演

为研究赤潮机理和预测预报以减少其危害,根据2002-04东海赤潮调查航次实测资料,得出经验系数,建立方程,发展了东海赤潮高发海区的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析算法.由现场实测数据对算法进行检验,叶绿素a吸收系数a_ph(675)及浓度的反演结果误差基本在30%以内,其中浓度反演结果比较,均方根偏差为0.24,最大相对偏差为40.93%,平均相对偏差为18.83%,相关系数R²为0.83.从检验的结果来看,算法反演的精度较好,对于研究海区相对适用.     

Leaf area development, dry weight accumulation and solar energy conversion efficiencies of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under different soil moisture levels near Nairobi, Kenya

Leaf area development, dry weight accumulation and solar energy conversion efficiencies of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv GLP-2 under two soil moisture levels in two contrasting seasons near Nairobi, Kenya were investigated. The experiment confirms that dry weights and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris are limited by a drought induced decrease in leaf area, leading to less radiation interception as a source for assimilation. However, photosynthetic efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris also appears to decrease and to contribute to these effects. Finally, an even larger decreases of economic efficiency as obtained in the second season, where stress lasted much later into the season, reveals that such a drought also limits considerably the partitioning and translocation of assimilates to the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. The efficiencies obtained are in line with the better literature data for other crops.     

海洋浮游藻类的化学分类法

综述了以色素分析为基础的海洋浮游藻类化学分类法的发过程，发现基础性数据缺乏和应用范围不够广阔是阻碍此项研究发展的主要问题。本文详细讨论了高效液相色谱（HPLC）藻类色素分析数据之数学解析技术的进展，对最近出现的分析软件（CHEMTAX）进行了重点介绍。最后，对海洋浮游藻化学分类法的发展趋势进行了分析预测。     

黄枙子中枙子黄色素含量的测定及重金属安全性评价

为评价黄枙子的食用安全性,以提高黄枙子的综合开发利用,本研究对黄枙子中枙子黄色素和重金属的含量分别进行了测量.将黄枙子光波消煮,用紫外分光光度计测定其矿物质和枙子黄色素的含量,测试结果显示黄枙子中的矿物质和枙子黄色素含量丰富.本研究以砷为研究对象,进行急性经口毒性、大鼠精子畸形、大鼠骨髓细胞微核、180天喂养等安全性毒理学评价试验研究.试验结果表明:所测定的40批黄枙子样品中,其水溶出物中的砷、汞、镉含量分别为:w(汞)≤0.0153 ug/g、w(砷)≤0.0613 ug/g,w(镉)≤0.0167 ug/g,均极其微小;遗传毒性试验结果无显著相关性,180天喂养试验结果表明,在本试验剂量范围内无毒副作用.研究结果显示:黄枙子中的枙子黄色素含量丰富,且具有较好的食用安全性.     

Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activities and identification of intermediate products during phytoremediation of an anionic dye (C. I. Acid Blue 92) by pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris)

The potential of pennywort(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)for phytoremediation of C.I.Acid Blue 92(AB92)was evaluated.The efects of various experimental parameters including pH,temperature,dye concentration and plant weight on dye removal efciency were investigated.The results showed that the optimal condition for dye removal were pH 3.5 and temperature 25°C.Moreover,the absolute dye removal enhanced with increase in the initial dye concentration and plant weight.Pennywort showed the same removal efciency in repeated experiments(four runs)as that obtained from the first run(a 6-day period).Therefore,the ability of the plant in consecutive removal of AB92 confirmed the biodegradation process.Accordingly,a number of produced intermediate compounds were identified.The efect of treatment on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in plant roots and leaves were evaluated.The results revealed a reduction in photosynthetic pigments content under dye treatments.Antioxidant enzyme responses showed marked variations with respect to the plant organ and dye concentration in the liquid medium.Overall,the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under AB92 stress in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves.Nevertheless,no significant increase in malondialdehyde content was detected in roots or leaves,implying that the high efciency of antioxidant system in the elimination of reactive oxygen species.Based on these results,pennywort was founded to be a capable species for phytoremediation of AB92-contaminated water,may be efective for phytoremediation dye-contaminated polluted aquatic ecosystems.